21 Sep 08 Enjoy the Photography With Digital Cameras
Author: Elaina
Digital photography is getting huge popularity among the all-level photographers. In fact, the age of film cameras is gone and now the cameras that can produce digital quality images are in vogue. Such cameras have brought a new revolution in the field of professional photography.
Digital cameras are attracting the photography lovers these days. These have many advantages which make such cameras useful for taking pictures and creating videos. These benefits can be stated as the following.
* The facility of instant review is given with such cameras that enable users to correct their mistakes and take another picture.
* One does not have to spend money on film as these cameras give him or her opportunity to take many shots of the same object or scene.
* The digital cameras allow users to capture hundreds of pictures and save them on to the computer.
* The pictures taken by these devices can be easily copied from one medium to other optical storage medium.
* One can also upload the images on different online portals so that they could see them anytime and anywhere.
* These gadgets are also smaller in size and lighter in weight than the film cameras.
* Such devices enable users to change the camera settings so that different styles of pictures can be tried out. *
Users can find many brands of digital quality cameras. Some of them are Olympus digital cameras, Panasonic digital cameras and Canon cameras. The popular Olympus devices are equipped with 10.0 mega pixel camera and many other advanced features. Similarly, Panasonic gadgets too are loaded with high resolution camera, 24X zooming facility and external memory card space.
The discounted digital cameras can be found on the online shopping portals. These portals offer discount digital cameras to the customers so that they could gain the maximum benefits. Various incentives, schemes and deals are also offered on these websites. One can participate in the online contests in order to win the free gifts and sometimes also avail the products free of cost.
Digital Cameras are used extensively by persons of all ages. The manufacturing companies are focusing on research and development works so that they could bring more innovative features in their products. Therefore, one can look for more advanced cameras in the future.
Related posts
Tags: camera settings, Canon, canon camera, canon cameras, digital cam, Digital Camera, Digital cameras, digital photograph, digital photography, digital quality, discount digital cameras, external memory, film, film camera, film cameras, gadget, high resolution camera, images, mega pixel, memory, memory card, olympus, olympus digital, olympus digital camera, olympus digital cameras, optical storage, Panasonic, panasonic digital, photo, photograph, photographer, photographers, photography, photography lovers, picture, pictures, pixel, professional photography, quality camera, quality cameras, quality image, quality images, resolution, resolution camera, storage, zoom
21 Sep 08 About Digital Cameras
Author: Mohit Sharma
The digital cameras have the ability to display the images on the screen immediately after the image is recorded. The images to be captured can be seen on its screen instead of its viewfinder. This way you can get a clearer preview of the image you are intending to capture.
The digital camera outdoes the traditional film camera in its image storing capacity too. The digital camera has the ability to store thousands of images on a single memory device. In addition you can even erase or unload the captured images onto your computer and reuse the camera’s inbuilt memory. In some cases you can even put a new memory card and store more pictures. Digital cameras also allow you to edit images. When capturing videos, digital cameras have the ability to record sound too, thus making video capturing a fun experience.
There are varied categories of digital cameras:
Video cameras: They are the cameras that exclusively record moving images.
The professional video cameras are the ones used for film production, etc. these have multiple image sensors thus enhancing the resolution of the end product. These do not have a inbuilt VCR or microphone.
The camcorder is another type of digital camera that has a microphone to record sound and an LCD screen to view the image that you are going to capture. This is mostly used by amateurs.
The web cameras are the type that is attached to the computers. Some of these web cameras have microphones, while some of them also include zoom abilities.
Compact digital cameras: They are small and portable; the smallest of them are called subcompacts. They are easy to use with not many special features or high picture quality. They have built in flash of not a very high power, but sufficient for close objects. It also permits live preview. They have a greater depth of field thus allowing objects from larger distances to come in sharp focus.
Bridge cameras: They are higher-end digital cameras that look a lot like Digital SLRs. Bridge cameras have the same advanced features as SLR and the live preview like the compact digital cameras.
Digital single lens reflex cameras: This is the digital camera that works like the single-lens reflex with a film.
Digital rangefinders: A rangefinder is an optical mechanism used to measure subject distance. They were once widely used on film cameras.
Professional modular digital camera systems: Mostly these cameras are used in studios for commercial production. Since they are bulky and difficult to carry they are rarely used in action or nature photography. They can be changed to digital or film cameras by simply replacing the back part of the entire device.
Line-scan camera systems: This type of camera is used in industrial areas in order to capture an image of a constant stream of moving material. This technology has the ability
These cameras are almost solely used in industrial settings to capture an image of a constant stream of moving material. Line-scan technology is capable of capturing data extremely fast, and at very high image resolutions.
Related posts
Tags: compact digital, compact digital camera, compact digital cameras, digital cam, Digital Camera, Digital cameras, digital slr, digital slrs, film, film camera, film cameras, film production, flash, image resolution, image sensor, image sensors, images, lcd screen, lens reflex, memory, memory card, memory device, microphone, microphones, moving images, photo, photograph, photography, picture, pictures, professional video cameras, rangefinders, reflex cameras, resolution, resolutions, single lens reflex camera, traditional film camera, video cameras, viewfinder, zoom
21 Sep 08 Digital Camera - the Easy Way to Take Pictures
Author: Roberto Sedycias
In comparison to film cameras, digital cameras have number of advantages which includes displaying the image on the camera screen right after recording, a single small memory device can record thousands of images, records video with sound, provision to edit images, and above all storage capacity can be re-used by deleting the images. There are numbers of devices available that has in-built digital cameras like mobile phones, PDA`s etc. Specialized digital cameras are fit into astronomical devices like The Hubble Space Telescope.
Digitizing images on scanner and digitizing video signals are much older than making of still images using digital signals from an array of discrete sensor elements. It was then used for astronauts to provide onboard navigation information during their visit to planets. It provided the still photos of stars and planet locations during transit and also additional stadiametric information for orbiting or landing guidance while approaching planet.
Steven Sasson, an engineer at Eastman Kodak, attempted to develop first digital camera with solid state CCD image sensor chips. But it was just a technical exercise. The true digital camera was Fuji DS-1P developed in 1988. And the first commercialized camera was Dycam Model 1 in 1990. Then in 1991, Kodak launched its Kodak DCS 100. Else Casio QV-10 was the first consumer camera in 1995. Nikon D1, a 2.74 megapixel camera was the first digital SLR developed in 1999. And in 2003, Canon 300D, first 600 megapixel camera was launched.
There are various types of digital cameras available. For videos, there are professional video cameras which are used in television and movie production. Camcorders come with inbuilt microphone and a small liquid crystal display to watch video while recording and playback. One can get still photographs also with them. Webcams, attached to computers, can capture full-motion video and are also available with microphones or zooming ability.
In live-preview digital camera, there is an electronic camera that can be used to frame and preview before taking the photograph and also to review stored photographs. Many of such cameras can take motion pictures. Then the recorded images can be transferred to computer, printer or any other such device. USB mass storage device enables the camera to function as disk drive for computer and Picture Transfer Protocol is then used.
To use Firewire, storage device is removed from camera and inserted into other device. Compact digital cameras, small and portable with inbuilt flash, are easy to use, and images are stored using Lossy compression. They might be able to capture motion picture but that to a limit. Bridge or SLR like camera is higher-end-live-preview camera with more advanced features like superzoom lenses, takes movies with sound, etc. Digital rangefinder, a user operated mechanism, is capable to measure subject distance.
Apart from above mentioned digital cameras, there are other categories also. Professional modular digital camera systems are used in studios for commercial production. Line-scan camera systems, based on focusing mechanism, are used in industrial settings to capture images of constantly moving materials. They capture images at extremely fast with high image resolutions.
Most of the digital cameras come with pre-set modes for different applications. Data can be transferred through USB port, Firewire port, USB PTP mode and even through wireless connections like WiFi, Bluetooth etc. These data are mostly stored in Microdrives, Joint Photography Experts Group (JPEG), Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) and RAW. Formats for movies are AVI, DV, MPEG and MOV. Recently MP4 format is also developed. Digital cameras have small but powerful batteries to operate for enough length of time.
Related posts
Tags: astronomical devices, batteries, Canon, canon 300d, Casio, CCD, ccd image sensor, compact digital, compact digital camera, compact digital cameras, digital cam, Digital Camera, Digital cameras, digital signals, digital slr, Eastman Kodak, film, film camera, film cameras, flash, Fuji, fuji ds, hubble space telescope, image resolution, image sensor, images, kodak, lense, lenses, liquid crystal display, megapix, megapixel, megapixel camera, memory, memory device, microphone, microphones, nikon, photo, photograph, photographs, photography, photos, picture, pictures, pixel, professional video cameras, resolution, resolutions, sensor chip, sensor chips, sensor element, sensor elements, still photos, storage, storage capacity, usb mass storage, usb mass storage device, video cameras, video signals, video with sound, zoom
20 Sep 08 The Magic Behind Digital Camera
Author: Harry Rockwell
A digital camera, as opposed to a film or videotape camera, uses an electronic sensor to transform images (or video) into electronic data. Modern digital cameras are typically multifunctional and the same device can take photographs, video, and/or sound.
In 2005, digital cameras are starting to push traditional film cameras out of many markets. Shrinking device sizes have recently allowed miniaturized digital cameras to be included in multifunctional devices, such as cell phones and PDAs.
Classification
Digital cameras can be classified into several groups:
* Professional video cameras such as those used in television and movie production. These typically have multiple images sensors (one per color) to enhance resolution and color gamut. Professional video cameras usually do not have a built-in VCR or microphone.
* Camcorders used by amateurs. These are a combination of camera and VCR to create an all-in-one production unit. They generally include a microphone to record sound, and feature a small LCD to watch the video during filming and playback.
Still cameras
Digital still cameras are generally characterized by the use of flash memory and USB or Fire Wire for storage and transfer.
Most have a rear LCD for reviewing photographs. They are rated in mega pixels; that is, the product of their maximum resolution dimensions. The actual transfers to a host computer are commonly carried out using the USB mass storage device class (so that the camera appear as a drive) or using the Picture Transfer Protocol and its derivatives.
All use a CCD (for Charged Coupled Device) which is a chip comprised of a grid of phototransistors to sense the light intensities across the plane of focus of the camera lens.
There has recently been some application of a second kind of chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) sensor, and this chip is often differentiated from a CCD proper in that it uses less power and a different kind of light sensing material, however the differences are highly technical and many manufacturers still consider the CMOS chip a charged coupled device. For our purposes, a chip sensor is a CCD.
* Standard Digital Cameras: This encompasses most digital cameras. They are characterized by great ease in operation and easy focusing; this design allows for limited motion picture capability. They have an extended depth of field.
This allows objects at multiple depths to be in focus simultaneously, which accounts for much of their ease of focusing. It is also part of the reason professional photographers find their images flat or artificial-looking. They excel in landscape photography and casual use.
* Digital SLRs typically have a sensor nine times larger than that of a standard digital camera, and are targeted at professional photographers and enthusiasts. They resemble ordinary professional cameras in most ways, with replaceable flash and lens components, which give the user maximum control over light, focus and depth of field.
They are also bulkier and more expensive than their casual-use oriented counterparts. They are superb for portraiture and artistic photography because they can be customized for various applications with a comprehensive range of exchangeable lenses.
Professional modular digital camera systems
High-end digital camera backs used by professionals are usually separate devices from the camera bodies which they are used with. (This is because most of the large- and medium-format camera systems in professional use at the time that digital capture overtook film as the professional’s medium of choice were modular in nature, i.e. the camera body had multiple lenses, viewfinders, winders and backs available for use with it to fit different needs.)
Since the first backs were introduced there have been three main methods of “capturing” the image, each based on the hardware configuration of the particular back.
The first method is often called “Single Shot,” in reference to the number of times the camera’s sensor is exposed to the light passing through the camera lens.
Single Shot capture systems use either one CCD with a Bayer filter stamped onto it or three separate CCDs (one each for the primary additive colors Red, Green and Blue) which are exposed to the same image via a beam splitter.
The second method is referred to as “Multi-Shot” because the sensor is exposed to the image in a sequence of three or more openings of the lens aperture. There are several methods of application of the multi-shot technique.
The most common originally was to use a single CCD with three filters (once again red, green and blue) passed in front of the sensor in sequence to obtain the additive color information.
Another multiple shot method utilized a single CCD with a Bayer filter but actually moved the physical location of the sensor chip on the focus plane of the lens to “stitch” together a higher resolution image than the CCD would allow otherwise. A third version combined the two methods without stamping a Bayer filter onto the chip.
The third method is called “Scan” because the sensor moves across the focus plane much like the sensor of a desktop scanner.
These CCDs are usually referred to as “sticks” rather than “chips” because they utilize only a single row of pixels (more properly “photosites”) which are again “stamped” with the Bayer filter.
The choice of method for a given capture is of course determined largely by the subject matter. It is usually inappropriate to attempt to capture a subject which moves (like people or objects in motion) with anything but a single shot system.
However, the higher color fidelity and larger file sizes and resolutions available with multi-shot and scan-backs make them attractive for commercial photographers working with stationary subjects and large-format photographs.
Webcams
* Webcams are digital cameras attached to computers, used for video conferencing or other purposes. Webcams can capture full-motion video as well, and some models include microphones or zoom ability.
These devices range in price from very inexpensive to expensive higher-end models; many complex webcams have a servo-controlled base capable of tracking facial motion with the help of software.
Interpolation
Image color or resolution interpolation is used unless the camera uses a beam splitter single-shot approach, three-filter multi-shot approach, or Foveon X3 sensor.
The software specific to the camera interprets the information from the sensor to obtain a full color image. This is because in digital images, each pixel must have three values for luminous intensity, one each for the red, green, and blue channels. A normal sensor element cannot simultaneously record these three values.
The Bayer filter pattern is typically used. A Bayer filter pattern is a 2×2 pattern of light filters, with green ones at opposite corners and red and blue elsewhere.
The high proportion of green takes advantage of properties of the human visual system, which is determines brightness mostly from green and is far more sensitive to brightness than to hue or saturation.
Sometimes a 4-color filter pattern is used, often involving 2 different hues of green. This provides a wider color gamut, but requires a slightly more complicated interpolation process.
The luminous intensity color values not captured for each pixel can be interpolated (or guessed at) from the values of adjacent pixels which represent the color being calculated.
In some cases, extra resolution is interpolated into the image by shifting photosites off of a standard grid pattern so that photosites are adjacent to each other at 45 degree angles, and all three values are interpolated for “virtual” photosites which fall into the spaces at 90 degree angles from the actual photosites.
Connectivity
Many digital cameras can connect directly to a computer to transfer data. USB is the most widely used method, though some have a Fire wire port.
Integration
Some devices, like mobile phones integrates digital cameras. Mobile phone cameras are much more sold than standalone digital ones.
Digital cameras need memory to store data. The higher one goes in pixel size, the more memory will be needed. Cameras use a removable memory card to store data, but the cheapest and smallest cameras may simply use fixed internal memory instead. Some cameras come with inbuilt memory as well.
Autonomous devices
An autonomous device, such as a PictBridge printer, operates without need of a computer. The camera connects to the printer, which then downloads and prints its images. Some DVD recorders and television sets can read memory cards too.
Related posts
Tags: artistic photography, camera bodies, camera body, camera lens, cameras digital, CCD, cell phone, CMOS, digital cam, Digital Camera, Digital cameras, digital image, digital images, digital slr, digital slrs, digital still camera, digital still cameras, electronic sensor, film, film camera, film cameras, flash, flash memory, images, internal memory, lense, lenses, maximum resolution, mega pixel, mega pixels, memory, memory card, memory cards, microphone, microphones, photo, photograph, photographer, photographers, photographs, photography, photos, pictbridge printer, picture, pixel, professional camera, professional cameras, professional photographer, professional photographers, professional video cameras, resolution, resolutions, saturation, sensor chip, sensor element, still camera, storage, traditional film camera, traditional film cameras, usb mass storage, usb mass storage device, video cameras, video conferencing, viewfinder, zoom
20 Sep 08 Is It Time To Get A Digital Camera?
Author: Carol Stack
If you are a photography enthusiast and enjoy taking pictures on a regular basis, it may be time for you to explore what digital cameras have to offer you. While at first, many photographers were content with their film cameras, many professionals are now turning to digital photography.
Whether you are a professional photographer or you just enjoy taking great pictures of your family and friends to document your life, digital cameras can make getting the perfect photograph much easier and cheaper.
Why Go Digital
There are a variety of great reasons to start using a digital camera for your photography needs. First of all you will find that in the long run, purchasing a digital camera will save you a great deal of money.
While the initial cost may scare some potential buyers away, if you tally up the cost of film that you would have to use in a camera that uses film and then the cost of developing pictures that may not even turn out right, you will find that a digital camera will be well worth what you pay.
Digital cameras also help you ensure that you get the perfect shot the first time. No more waiting until you develop the film, only to realize that everyone blinked or Aunt Jenny’s head was cut off. With a digital camera, you can see the results immediately and can retake the picture if needed.
Another benefit is that you will not have to worry about running out of film at the wrong time because, usually, you can shoot over a hundred pictures with a digital camera with the right hardware.
What to Look For
If you are going to purchase a digital camera, you want to be sure that you find a camera that is good quality and suitable for the needs you have. One important factor to consider when you are purchasing a digital camera is the megapixel.
If you want images that are clear, you will want a camera with a higher megapixel. In general, cameras that have between three and five megapixels are good quality, but you may want a camera with five to eight megapixels if you are doing professional photography.
Another consideration, when looking for the perfect digital camera, is the zoom features on the camera. If the camera has no zoom feature at all, you will probably want to consider a different camera.
If you want the very best zoom features, you will select a camera that has optical zoom, which will help you get shots up close that are very distinct and free from distortion. The LCD window is also something you want to consider when purchasing a digital camera. Having a larger LCD will enable you to see the pictures you have taken more easily so you can decide when you need to take a picture again.
No matter what kind of photography you enjoy, making the change to a digital camera will be one that you will not regret. The digital camera is more cost effective and allows you to get perfect pictures all the time. If you want quality pictures at a low cost, consider the benefits that a digital camera has to offer you!
Related posts
Tags: digital cam, Digital Camera, Digital cameras, digital photograph, digital photography, film, film camera, film cameras, images, megapix, megapixel, megapixels, optical zoom, perfect shot, photo, photograph, photographer, photographers, photography, photography enthusiast, picture, pictures, pixel, professional photographer, professional photography, purchasing a digital camera, zoom
20 Sep 08 Digital Camera Basics-images
Author: Brian Lee
In the past twenty years, most of the major technological breakthroughs in consumer electronics have been built around the same basic process: converting conventional analog information (represented by a fluctuating wave) into digital information (binary information represented by ones and zeros, or bits). This fundamental shift in technology has changed how we handle visual and audio information — it completely redefined what is possible.
The digital camera is one of the most notable examples of this shift because it is so truly different from its predecessor. Conventional film cameras depend entirely on chemical and mechanical processes — you don’t need any electricity whatsoever to operate them, other than for a flash. On the other hand, all digital cameras have a built-in computer, and all of them record images electronically.
The new approach has been enormously successful. Since film usually provides better picture quality, digital cameras have not completely replaced conventional cameras. But, as digital imaging technology has improved, and prices dramatically decreased, digital cameras have rapidly become more popular.
In this article, we’ll find out exactly what’s going on inside these amazing digital-age devices.
Understanding the Basics
Let’s say you want to take a picture and e-mail it to a friend. To do this, you need the image to be represented in the language that computers recognize — bits and bytes, or binary information. Essentially, a digital image is just a long string of 1s and 0s that represent all the tiny colored dots — or pixels — that collectively make up the image. If you want to get a picture into this form, you have two options:
1) You can take a photograph using a conventional film camera, take the film to a developing lab that processes the film chemically, prints it onto photographic paper, and then place the picture on a digital scanner to sample the print (record the pattern of light as a series of pixel values).
2) You can directly sample the original light that bounces off your subject, immediately breaking that light pattern down into a series of pixel values — in other words, you can use a digital camera.
At its most basic level, this is all there is to a digital camera. Just like a conventional film camera, it has a series of lenses that focus light to create an image of a scene. But instead of focusing this light onto a piece of film, it focuses it onto a semiconductor device that records light electronically. A computer then breaks this electronic information down into digital data. All the fun and interesting features of digital cameras come as a direct result of this process.
Instead of film, a digital camera has a sensor that converts light into electrical charges.
The image sensor employed by most digital cameras is a charge coupled device (CCD). Some cameras use complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology instead. Both CCD and CMOS image sensors convert light into electrons. Without getting too technical, a simplified way to think about these sensors is to think of a 2-dimentional array of thousands or millions of tiny solar cells.
Once the sensor converts the light into electrons, it reads the value (accumulated charge) of each cell in the image. This is where the differences between the two main sensor types become a factor:
A CCD transports the charge across the chip and reads it at one corner of the array. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) then turns each pixel’s value into a digital value by measuring the amount of charge at each photosite and converting that measurement to binary form. CCD sensors create high-quality, low-noise images. CCD sensors have been mass produced for a longer period of time, so they are more mature. They tend to have higher quality pixels, and more of them.
CMOS devices use several transistors at each pixel to amplify and move the charge using ordinary wires. The CMOS signal is digital, so it needs no ADC. Because each pixel on a CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, the light sensitivity of a CMOS chip is lower (many of the photons hit the transistors instead of the photodiode.) CMOS sensors traditionally consume little power. CCDs, on the other hand, use a process that consumes lots of power.
The amount of detail that the camera can capture is called the resolution, and it is measured in pixels. The more pixels a camera has, the more detail it can capture and the larger pictures can be without becoming blurry or “grainy.” High-end consumer cameras can capture over 12 million pixels. Some professional cameras support over 16 million pixels, or 20 million pixels for large-format cameras. For comparison, Hewlett Packard estimates that the quality of 35mm film is about 20 million pixels.
Exposure and Focus
Just as with film, a digital camera has to control the amount of light that reaches the sensor. The two components it uses to do this, the aperture and shutter speed, are also present on conventional cameras.
Aperture: The size of the opening in the camera. The aperture is automatic in most digital cameras, but some allow manual adjustment to give professionals and hobbyists more control over the final image.
Shutter speed: The amount of time that light can pass through the aperture. Unlike film, the light sensor in a digital camera can be reset electronically, so digital cameras have a digital shutter rather than a mechanical shutter.
These two aspects work together to capture the amount of light needed to make a good image. In photographic terms, they set the exposure of the sensor.
Related posts
Tags: 35mm, aperture and shutter speed, CCD, ccd sensor, charge coupled device, CMOS, cmos image sensors, cmos sensors, consumer cameras, conventional camera, conventional cameras, conventional film, digital cam, Digital Camera, Digital cameras, digital image, digital imaging technology, digital information, digital scanner, film, film camera, film cameras, flash, image sensor, image sensors, images, lense, lenses, light sensor, mechanical shutter, photo, photograph, photographic terms, photos, picture, pictures, pixel, professional camera, professional cameras, resolution, shutter speed
19 Sep 08 History And Type Of Digital Cameras
Author: Roberto Sedycias
A digital camera is such a camera that will take either video or still snaps digitally. It records the images digitally on a light-sensitive sensor. Some digital cameras can take still snaps as well as video and audio. The digital cameras have become very popular nowadays and more and more people are opting for rather than regular cameras.
Digital cameras are technologically much advanced and have many user-friendly features that are usually not found in regular cameras. One such very good feature is that it displays the image on the camera’s screen just after you catch it. Thus you can click and record millions and millions of pictures, keep the ones you want and discard the others. After the pictures or videos are recorded, you can edit the images and thus can be a virtual master of the background, people etc. Imagine the fun when you can change the background of a picture taken at your home to be changed to a Hawaiian beach, or changing the hair color of your sister to a wild pink and many other things. The choices are unlimited.
Nowadays digital cameras can be incorporated in many devices like PDAs or mobile phones or computers etc. Some astronomical devices like Hubble Space Telescope also use specialized digital cameras.
Digital camera technology has evolved from the similar technology that first recorded television images. It was in 1951 when the first video tape recorder was used to capture live images using television cameras. They converted the information in electrical impulses and saved the information on magnetic tape. It was actually due to NASA`s space technology that used digital images to capture photographs of surface of moon and advanced computer technology that led to major developments in digital photography.
Government was also using this technology in forms of spy camera and the time that being spy satellites and it contributed immensely in advancement of science of digital imaging. Soon private companies like Kodak, Sony etc were releasing professional digital cameras for ordinary people. Their strong marketing tactics worked and today digital cameras are found everywhere.
There are many varieties of digital camera and we will discuss some of them. Compact digital cameras are one of such varieties and are designed to be small as well as portable. The miniature versions are called subcompact cameras. Though they do not have much advanced features or excellent image quality but they are very simple to use and easy to carry around. Images are stored using Lossy compression in JPEG format. Such cameras are generally equipped with a low power, built-in flash usually sufficient for close subjects. Live preview is generally used for framing the photos. They are perfect for casual and home use.
Another type are Bridge cameras that are higher-end cameras. They resemble DSLRs and also share some advanced features with them but just like compact cameras, the photo framing is done with help of live preview and they also have small sized sensors. A Fuji film FinePix Bridge camera is also equipped with super zoom lenses that give you a chance to take very distant shots, though at the cost of image quality.
Another type is Digital single lens reflex cameras that are based on film SLRs or single-lens reflex cameras. These cameras are characterized by the presence of a mirror-reflex system. Other types include rangefinder and are generally used for film cameras, professional modular digital cameras that are assembled from different modular components and used for specific purposes. The common brands for such cameras include Mamiya and Hasselblad.
Related posts
Tags: astronomical devices, camera technology, compact camera, compact cameras, compact digital, compact digital camera, compact digital cameras, digital cam, Digital Camera, digital camera technology, Digital cameras, digital cameras digital, digital image, digital images, digital photograph, digital photography, dSLR, film, film camera, film cameras, flash, Fuji, hubble space telescope, image quality, images, kodak, lens reflex, lense, lenses, photo, photograph, photographs, photography, photos, picture, pictures, professional digital, professional digital cameras, reflex cameras, reflex system, sensitive sensor, single lens reflex camera, Sony, zoom
19 Sep 08 Look Through a Digital Camera Review Before You Buy That Camera!
Author: Brooke Hayles
When deciding on a digital camera, looking through a digital camera review first can help tell you about each camera. Each camera has different options and a digital camera review will help you decide which fits your needs best. As we all know, the digital camera is much different than previous camera models. Before the digital boom began, cameras operated purely on mechanical and chemical processes.
If you’re new to the world of digicams, then you will need to remember that unlike their predecessors, they work through a built-in computer. This allows pictures to be captured electronically. With the popularity of these amazing gadgets, prices have dropped and what was once far too expensive for the average person, has now become just as affordable as film cameras.
Different Digital Camera Styles
Digicams, a common phrase for digital cameras, come in many shapes, sizes and features. As you look a digital camera review keep in mind if you are interested in a small, pocket sized camera or a larger model that has more features than the pocket sized. Point and shoot digicams are the most popular, but the larger camera with its additional features can be a good investment for your money.
Due to its convenience, the pocket sized cameras are wanted most often. A digital camera review will reveal that the small camera can be quite expensive due to the necessary technology needed to operate such a tiny camera. As you get further into your digital camera review you will see the phrase digital SLR. The SLR style is for the serious photographer. The professional SLR style of camera will produce the highest quality of photograph.
The SLR has quite a few enhanced features. One of its features includes the ability to switch lenses on the need of the situation. Of course, the SLR is also the most expensive of digicams. As you read through a digital camera review it will become obvious that most people’s photography needs are met with either a standard or pocket sized digital camera. However, if photography is a hobby of yours the SLR models may interest you greatly.
Digital Camera Tips
One term that you will find often in a digital camera review is “pixel.” Pixels refer to the individual dots that make up the picture. You may be more aware of the term “megapixels.” This term is the same as pixels, but measured by the thousand.
You may notice in the digital camera review that the more megapixels a camera has, the more expensive it seems to be. The reason behind this is that the more pixels a camera has, the high-quality picture your camera will take. Most digicams have either 3-4 megapixels. Earlier models have less, but it’s easy to find a reasonable priced camera with either 3 or 4 megapixels. If you plan to use your camera for family photos and to print 4X6 photos, this will suit you just fine. If you want to print pictures at the size of 8×10 or more, a digicam with more megapixels will keep your pictures sharp.
If you own a PC and then purchase a digital camera, you can upload your pictures to your computer. With special paper you can then print your own photos at home!
Summary:
A digital camera review will help you decide which camera will suit your needs best. Do keep in mind that digicams operate differently than film cameras. Since digital cameras record images electronically you can upload them to your computer and share them easily via email!
Related posts
Tags: camera model, camera models, digicams, digital cam, Digital Camera, digital camera review, Digital cameras, digital slr, film, film camera, film cameras, gadget, images, lense, lenses, megapix, megapixel, megapixels, photo, photograph, photographer, photography, photos, picture, pictures, pixel, professional slr, shapes sizes, sized cameras, tiny camera
19 Sep 08 Consumer Reports - Digital Cameras
Digital cameras, which employ reusable memory cards instead of film, give you far more creative control than film cameras can. With a digital camera, you can transfer shots to your computer, then crop, adjust color and contrast, and add textures and other special effects. Final results can be made into cards or T-shirts, or sent via e-mail, all using the software that usually comes with the camera. You can make prints on a color inkjet printer, or by dropping off the memory card at one of a growing number of photofinishers. You can upload the file to a photo-sharing Web site for storage, viewing, and sharing with others.
Like camcorders, digital cameras have LCD viewers. Some camcorders can be used to take still pictures, but a typical camcorder’s resolution is no match for a good still camera’s.
WHAT’S AVAILABLE
The leading brands are Canon, Fujifilm, HP, Kodak, Olympus, and Sony; other brands come from consumer-electronics, computer, and traditional camera and film companies.
Digital cameras are categorized by how many pixels, or picture elements, the image sensor contains. One megapixel equals 1 million picture elements. A 3-megapixel camera can make excellent 8×10s and pleasing 11×14s. There are also 4- to 8-megapixel models, including point-and-shoot ones; these are well suited for making larger prints or for maintaining sharpness if you want to use only a portion of the original image. Professional Digital cameras use as many as 14 megapixels.
Price range: $200 to $400 for 3 megapixels; $250 to $400 for 4 and 5 megapixels; $300 to $1,000 for 6 to 8 megapixels.
IMPORTANT FEATURES
Most Digital cameras are highly automated, with features such as automatic exposure control (which manages the shutter speed, aperture, or both according to available light) and autofocus.
Instead of film, digital cameras typically record their shots onto flash-memory cards. CompactFlash and SecureDigital (SD) are the most widely used. Once quite expensive, such cards have tumbled in price–a 128-megabyte card can now cost less than $50. Other types of memory cards used by cameras include Memory Stick, Smart Media and xD-picture card. A few cameras, mainly some Sony models, use 3 1/4-inch CD-R or CD-RW discs.
To save images, you transfer them to a computer, typically by connecting the camera to the computer’s USB or FireWire port or inserting the memory card into a special reader. Some printers can take memory cards and make prints without putting the images on a computer first. Image-handling software, such as Adobe Photoshop Elements, Jasc Paint Shop, Microsoft Picture It, and ACDSee, lets you size, touch up, and crop digital images using your computer. Most digital cameras work with both Windows and Macintosh machines.
The file format commonly used for photos is JPEG, which is a compressed format. Some cameras can save photos in uncompressed TIFF format, but this setting yields enormous files. Other high-end cameras have a RAW file format, which yields the image data with no processing from the camera.
Digital cameras typically have both an optical viewfinder and a small color LCD viewer. LCD viewers are very accurate in framing the actual image you get–better than most of the optical viewfinders–but they use more battery power and may be hard to see in bright sunlight. You can also view shots you’ve already taken on the LCD viewer. Many digital cameras provide a video output, so you can view your pictures on a TV set.
Certain cameras let you record an audio clip with a picture. But these clips use additional storage space. Some allow you to record limited video, but the frame rate is slow and the resolution poor.
A zoom lens provides flexibility in framing shots and closes the distance between you and your subject–ideal if you want to quickly switch to a close shot. The typical 3x zoom on mainstream cameras goes from a moderately wide-angle view (35mm) to moderate telephoto (105mm). You can find cameras with extended zoom ranges between 8x and 12x, giving added versatility for outdoor photography. Other new cameras go down to 24 or 28 mm at the wide-angle end, making it easier to take in an entire scene in close quarters, such as a crowded party.
Optical zooms are superior to digital zooms, which magnify the center of the frame without actually increasing picture detail, resulting in a somewhat coarser view.
Sensors in digital cameras are typically about as light-sensitive as ISO 100 film, though some let you increase that setting. (At ISO 100, you’ll likely need to use a flash indoors and in low outdoor light.) A camera’s flash range tells you how far from the camera the flash will provide proper exposure: If the subject is out of range, you’ll know to close the distance. But digital cameras can tolerate some underexposure before the image suffers noticeably.
Red-eye reduction shines a light toward your subject just before the main flash. (A camera whose flash unit is farther from the lens reduces the risk of red eye. Computer editing of the image may also correct red eye.) With automatic flash mode, the camera fires the flash whenever the light entering the camera registers as insufficient. A few new cameras have built-in red-eye correction capability.
Some cameras that have powerful telephoto lenses now come with image stabilizers. These compensate for camera shake, letting you use a slower shutter speed than you otherwise could for following movement. But an image stabilizer won’t compensate for the motion of subjects.
Most new 6- to 8-megapixel cameras come with full manual controls, including independent controls for shutter and aperture. That gives serious shutterbugs control over depth of field, shooting action, or shooting scene with tricky lighting.
HOW TO CHOOSE
The first step is to determine how you will use the camera most of the time. Consider these two questions:
How much flexibility to enlarge images do you need? If you mainly want to make 4×6 snapshots, a camera with a 3- or 4-megapixel resolution will be fine. Such a camera will also make an 8×10 print of an entire image without alteration that looks as sharp as one from a 6- or 8-megapixel model. But to enlarge the image more or enlarge only part of it, you’ll want a 6- to 8-megapixel camera.
How much control do you want over exposure and composition? Cameras meant for automatic point-and-shoot photos, with a 3x-zoom lens, will serve snap shooters as well as dedicate hobbyists much of the time. The full-featured cameras in the 6- to 8-megapixel range offer capabilities that more-dedicated photographers will want to have. Two of the more important capabilities are a zoom range of 5x to 10x or more, which lets you bring distant outdoor subjects close and also lets you shoot candid portraits without getting right in your subject’s face, and a full complement of manual controls that you determine the shutter speed and lens opening. ‘
Once you’ve established the performance priorities that you need from a camera, you can narrow your choices further by considering these convenience factors:
Size and weight. The smallest, lightest models aren’t necessarily inexpensive 3-megapixel cameras. And the biggest and heaviest aren’t necessarily found at the high end. If possible, try cameras at the store before you buy. That way, you’ll know which one fits you hand best and which can be securely gripped. In our tests, we have found that some of the smallest don’t leave much room even for small fingers.
Battery type and life. All digital cameras can run on rechargeable batteries of one of two types: an expensive battery pack or a set of AA batteries. In our tests of the cameras, neither battery type had a clear performance advantage. The best-performing cameras offer upward of 300 shots on a charge, while the worst manage only about 50. We think it’s more convenient to own a camera that accepts AA batteries. You can buy economical, rechargeable cells (plus a charger) and drop in a set of disposable lithium or alkaline batteries if the rechargeable run down in the middle of the day’s shooting.
Camera speed. With point-and-shoot cameras like the ones we tested, you must wait after each shot as the camera processes the image. Most models let you shoot an image every few seconds, but a few make you wait 5 seconds or more. They may frustrate you when you’re taking photos in sequence.
Your other cameras. If you’re adding a camera to your lineup or trading up to a more versatile model, look first for one that’s compatible with the other cameras. If it is, you can share memory cards and batteries. Designs within a camera brand line are often similar. So staying wit the brand you have lowers the learning curve on the new camera for family members who switch between cameras.
Copyright © 2002-2006 Consumers Union of U.S., Inc.
For the latest information on this and many other products and services, visit www.ConsumerReports.org.
Related posts
Tags: 35mm, automatic exposure control, automatic flash, available light, batteries, Battery, Canon, capabilities, color inkjet printer, compactflash, digital cam, Digital Camera, Digital cameras, digital image, digital images, digital zoom, exposure control, film, film camera, film cameras, film companies, flash, flash memory cards, flash mode, flash range, flash unit, Fuji, Fujifilm, image sensor, image stabilizer, images, kodak, lcd viewer, lense, lenses, megapix, megapixel, megapixel camera, megapixels, memory, memory card, memory cards, new camera, olympus, optical viewfinder, optical zoom, photo, photograph, photographer, photographers, photography, photos, picture, pictures, pixel, pixel resolution, printers, professional digital, professional digital cameras, rechargeable batteries, red eye, resolution, securedigital, sharpness, shutter speed, snapshots, Sony, still camera, storage, telephoto lens, traditional camera, typical camcorder, viewfinder, zoom
19 Sep 08 Digital Camera Basics-resolution, Exposure, Focus, and Storage
Author: Brian Lee
The amount of detail that a camera can capture is called the resolution, and it is measured in pixels. The more pixels a camera has, the more detail it can capture and the larger pictures can be without becoming blurry or “grainy.” High-end consumer cameras can capture over 12 million pixels. Some professional cameras support over 16 million pixels (megapixels), or 20 million pixels for large-format cameras. For comparison, it has been estimated that the quality of 35mm film is about 20 million pixels.
Exposure and Focus
Just as with film, a digital camera has to control the amount of light that reaches the sensor. The two components it uses to do this, the aperture and shutter speed, are also present on conventional cameras.
Aperture: The size of the opening in the camera. The aperture is automatic in most digital cameras, but some allow manual adjustment to give professionals and hobbyists more control over the final image.
Shutter speed: The amount of time that light can pass through the aperture. Unlike film, the light sensor in a digital camera can be reset electronically, so digital cameras have a digital shutter rather than a mechanical shutter.
These two aspects work together to capture the amount of light needed to make a good image. In photographic terms, they set the exposure of the sensor.
In addition to controlling the amount of light, the camera has to adjust the lenses to control how the light is focused on the sensor. In general, the lenses on digital cameras are very similar to conventional camera lenses — some digital cameras can even use conventional lenses. Most use automatic focusing techniques.
The focal length, however, is one important difference between the lens of a digital camera and the lens of a 35mm camera. The focal length is the distance between the lens and the surface of the sensor. Sensors from different manufacturers vary widely in size, but in general they’re smaller than a piece of 35mm film. In order to project the image onto a smaller sensor, the focal length is shortened by the same proportion.
Focal length also determines the magnification, or zoom, when you look through the camera. In 35mm cameras, a 50mm lens gives a natural view of the subject. Increasing the focal length increases the magnification, and objects appear to get closer. The reverse happens when decreasing the focal length. A zoom lens is any lens that has an adjustable focal length, and digital cameras can have optical or digital zoom — some have both. Some cameras also have macro focusing capability, meaning that the camera can take pictures from very close to the subject.
Digital cameras have one of four types of lenses:
1) Fixed-focus, fixed-zoom lenses - These are the kinds of lenses on disposable and inexpensive film cameras — inexpensive and great for snapshots, but fairly limited.
2) Optical-zoom lenses with automatic focus - Similar to the lens on a video camcorder, these have “wide” and “telephoto” options and automatic focus. The camera may or may not support manual focus. These actually change the focal length of the lens rather than just magnifying the information that hits the sensor.
3) Digital-zoom lenses - With digital zoom, the camera takes pixels from the center of the image sensor and interpolates (alters) them to make a full-sized image. Depending on the resolution of the image and the sensor, this approach may create a grainy or fuzzy image. You can manually do the same thing with image processing software — simply snap a picture, cut out the center and magnify it.
4) Replaceable lens systems - These are similar to the replaceable lenses on a 35mm camera. Some digital cameras can use 35mm camera lenses.
Most digital cameras have an LCD screen so you can view your picture right away. This is one of the great advantages of a digital camera — you get immediate feedback on what you capture. Of course, viewing the image on your camera would lose its charm if that’s all you could do. You want to be able to load the picture into your computer or send it directly to a printer. There are several ways to do this.
Although most of today’s cameras are capable of connecting through serial, parallel, SCSI, USB, or FireWire connections, they usually also use some sort of removable storage device. Digital cameras use a number of storage systems. These are like reusable, digital film, and they use a caddy or card reader to transfer the data to a computer. Many involve fixed or removable flash memory. Digital camera manufacturers often develop their own proprietary flash memory devices, including SmartMedia cards, CompactFlash cards and Memory Sticks. Other removable storage device include floppy disks, hard disks (external, or microdrives), and writeable CD’s and DVD’s.
Regardless of what type of storage they use, all digital cameras need lots of room for pictures. They usually store images in one of two formats — TIFF, which is uncompressed, and JPEG, which is compressed. Most cameras use the JPEG file format for storing pictures, and they sometimes offer quality settings (such as medium or high).
To make the most of their storage space, almost all digital cameras use some sort of additional data compression to make the files smaller. One compression routine takes advantage of patterns that repeat. The image can be reconstructed exactly as it was recorded, reducing the file size no more than 50%, often much less. Another compression routine called irrelevancy eliminates some of the more meaningless data, taking advantage of the fact that digital cameras record more information than the human eye can easily detect.
Related posts
Tags: 35mm, 35mm cameras, aperture and shutter speed, camera lens, camera lenses, camera manufacturer, camera manufacturers, compactflash, compactflash cards, consumer cameras, conventional camera, conventional cameras, conventional lenses, digital cam, Digital Camera, digital camera manufacturers, Digital cameras, digital zoom, film, film camera, film cameras, flash, flash memory, focal length, image sensor, images, large format cameras, lcd screen, lense, lenses, light sensor, mechanical shutter, megapix, megapixel, megapixels, memory, memory device, memory sticks, photo, photograph, photographic terms, picture, pictures, pixel, professional camera, professional cameras, removable storage device, resolution, shutter speed, snapshots, storage, store images, zoom
